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	Mariinsky theatre conducts a history with 1783 when in St. Petersburg the Stone (Big) theatre has opened and by Ekaterina's II decree was organized the troupe "... not for one comedies and tragedies, but also for an opera ".



To 1836 anew built up building of the Big theatre it was completely given under opera performances. In 1843 in St. Petersburg the Italian opera troupe was created. In this connection Russian one was actually expelled and in 1845 is transferbed to Moscow. Performances of Russian opera troupe have renewed in St. Petersburg only in middle 1850 on a stage of the Theatre - circus; after a fire in 1859 building it was reconstructed and it is open in I860 under name Mariinsky theatre.


			Photo of imperial theatres in a building of Mariinsky theatre.14,6 x 10,4.

		Operas - "Pskovityanka" of Rimsky-Korsakov (1873), "Boris Godunov" of Musorgsky (1874), " Peak lady " of Chaikovsky (1890), "Prince Igor" of Borodin (1890) etc. for the first time were put. These years at theatre singers - as E.Lavrovskaja, I.Mel'nikov, E.Mravina, M.Slavina, F.Stravinsky, Figners, L.Jakovlev acted. The musical head and the conductor (1863-1916) was E.F.Napravnik.
	Photo of imperial theatres. 14,7 x 10,4.

Outstanding achievement in a ballet art became ballets of Chaikovsky (" the Sleeping beauty ", 1890; "Nutcracker", 1892; " Swan lake ", 1895) and Glazunov ("Raimonda", 1898) in M.Petipa and L.Ivanova's production. In ballet troupe from the end of 19 centuries were put forward - by O.Preobrazhenskaja, A.Pavlova, M.Kshesinskaja, T.Karsavina, V.Nizhinsky etc.

At the end of 19 - the beginning of 20 centuries at theatre the largest masters of opera art acted. Conducting place among executors belonged to F.Shaljapin and I.Ershov; on a stage of theatre sang I.Tartakov, I.Alchevsky, A.Davydov, V.Kastorsky etc., conductors F.Blumenfel and Kouts worked.




	Nicolai F.MONAHOV. [18 (30). 3.1875, St. Petersburg,-5.7.1936, Leningrad], the national actor of RSFSR (1932). Began artistic activity from drama theatre (1895), with 1896 acted on a platform, including in a variety duet from P.F.Zhukov, with 1904 played to an operetta (Kiev, Saratov, Odessa; Moscow "Hermitage"; St. Petersburg - theatre " Buff ", Panaevsky theatre, etc.). Had a beautiful sonorous baritone, sang also tenor parties (acted mainly in role of the gawk, his execution is marked by thin taste, bright typicalness, household reliability). The best works in an operetta are connected with Moscow " Free theatre " ( 1913-14; head K.A.Mardzhanov) where his talent was especially brightly showed - Afanasiy Ivanovich ("Sorochinskaya fair" by Musorgsky), Kalhas (" Fine Elena " by Offenbah) etc.



		Photo Joseph Otsup. "Queen of Brilliants ". Monahov (left),Koshevsky,Vavich. 13,4 x 9,1.




					The photographer of imperial theatres D.Bystrov. 13,6 x 8,5.

	After October revolution 1917 actively participated in the organization of the Big drama theatre, was its conducting actor. His talent of the drama actor here has revealed. Has created a line outstanding tragedy and drama roles: king Phillip (" Don Carlos " Shiller), Egor Bulychev, Bearded soldier (" Egor Bulychev and others ", " Dostigaev and others " Gorky), Godun ("Break" Lavrenev), Pomegranates ("Person with a portofolio" Faiko); brilliant comedy images - Truffaldino ("Servant of two misters " Goldoni) etc. Was acted in film; up to 1927 sang in an operetta as the guest performer.